Ivemark syndrome-a rare entity with specific anatomical features / Síndrome de Ivermark. Informe de un caso

Ivemark syndrome (IS) is a rare embryological disorder which results from failure of development of the left-right asymmetry of organs. It is often associated with cardiac and other organ abnormalities, which are the usual causes of death in early neonatal life. We report a 3 months old girl with IS with dextrocardia, transposition of the great vessels, atrio-ventricular connection, total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, a right atrial and right pulmonary isomerism, a midline liver, a midline gallbladder, asplenia, intestinal malrotation and vena cava anomalies. To our knowledge, complete right heterotaxia syndrome has been rarely described in literature. Lateralization defects such as situs inversus, asplenia or polysplenia due to defective left-right axis development are considered as defects of the primary developmental field. Therefore, additional malformations in IS can be synchronic defects in the primary developmental field rather than causally independent malformations.

El síndrome de Ivermark es un desorden embriológico raro resultante de una falla en el desarrollo de la asimetría izquierda y derecha de los órganos. Usualmente se asocia con anomalías cardíacas y de otros órganos, que son la causa usual de muerte en la vida neonatal. Presentamos una niña de 3 meses con dextrocardia, trasposición de los grandes vasos, comunicación aurículo-ventricular, drenaje anómalo total de la vena pulmonar, isomerismo de la aurícula y pulmón derecho, hígado y vesícula en la línea media, asplenia, malrotación intestinal y anomalías de la vena cava. Una heterotaxia derecha completa ha sido raramente descrita en la literatura. Los defectos de lateralización como situs inverso, asplenia o poli esplenia causados por defectos en el desarrollo izquierda derecha son considerados como defectos del campo de desarrollo primario. Por lo tanto, las manifestaciones adicionales del síndrome de Ivemark pueden ser defectos sincrónicos del campo de desarrollo primario más que malformaciones causalmente independientes.

Polysplenia Syndrome with Congenital Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis and the Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Its Diagnosis / 대한소화기학회지

A 49-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for acute pancreatitis. The abdomen CT scan incidentally showed midline liver with hepatomegaly, centrally located gallbladder, pancreas truncation, right sided small bowel, left sided large bowel, interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation, preduodenal portal vein, and multiple spleens in the left upper quadrant. In MRCP, the head of pancreas was enlarged and short main pancreatic duct without accessory duct was showed. EUS revealed enlarged ventral pancreas with a main pancreatic duct of normal caliber, absence of the accessory pancreatic duct and the dorsal pancreas. She was diagnosed as polysplenia syndrome with agenesis of dorsal pancreas. It is a rare congenital anomaly frequently associated with various visceral anomalies including multiple spleens, impaired visceral lateralization, congenital heart diseases, gastrointestinal abnormalities and azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava. We report a case of polysplenia syndrome with agenesis of dorsal pancreas presenting acute pancreatitis.